{"id":169,"date":"2024-07-26T19:55:29","date_gmt":"2024-07-26T19:55:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gvu.ocl.mybluehost.me\/baja-and-california\/?page_id=169"},"modified":"2024-09-15T16:06:19","modified_gmt":"2024-09-15T16:06:19","slug":"obsidian-sourcing-and-hydration","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sandiegoarchaeology.org\/baja-and-california\/obsidian-sourcing-and-hydration\/","title":{"rendered":"Obsidian Sourcing and Hydration"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>#sp-ea-172 .spcollapsing { height: 0; overflow: hidden; transition-property: height;transition-duration: 300ms;}#sp-ea-172.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single {margin-bottom: 10px; border: 1px solid #e2e2e2; }#sp-ea-172.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.ea-header a {color: #444;}#sp-ea-172.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.sp-collapse>.ea-body {background: #fff; color: #444;}#sp-ea-172.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single {background: #eee;}#sp-ea-172.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.ea-header a .ea-expand-icon { float: left; color: #444;font-size: 16px;}<\/style><div id=\"sp_easy_accordion-1722023751\"><div id=\"sp-ea-172\" class=\"sp-ea-one sp-easy-accordion\" data-ea-active=\"ea-click\" data-ea-mode=\"vertical\" data-preloader=\"\" data-scroll-active-item=\"\" data-offset-to-scroll=\"0\"><div class=\"ea-card sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-1720\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse1720\" aria-controls=\"collapse1720\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> Obsidian Sources in Baja California<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse spcollapse\" id=\"collapse1720\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-172\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-1720\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-173 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/gvu.ocl.mybluehost.me\/baja-and-california\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/obs-sources.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"530\" height=\"618\" \/><\/p><table border=\"2\" width=\"100%\" cellpadding=\"5%\"><tbody><tr><td><b>Source:<\/b>\u00a0L\u00e1grimas de Apache<br \/><b>Location:<\/b>\u00a0Near the mouth of the Colorado River<br \/><b>Chemical Characterization:<\/b>\u00a0Panich et al. 2012; Panich, Michelini, and Shackley 2013<br \/><b>Archaeological Occurrences:<\/b>\u00a0El Mayor<br \/><b>Other References:<\/b>\u00a0Panich, Michelini, Bend\u00edmez, and Shackley 2013; T\u00e9llez et al. 2013<br \/><b>Comments:<\/b>\u00a0This material occurs in small nodules measuring 2-5 cm; its prehistoric use may have been extremely limited.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>Source:<\/b>\u00a0Unknown (Santa Catarina)<br \/><b>Location:<\/b>\u00a0Unknown<br \/><b>Chemical Characterization:<\/b>\u00a0(Panich, Michelini, and Shackley 2013)<br \/><b>Archaeological Occurrences:<\/b>\u00a0Santa Catarina, Vallecitos, Piedras Gordas, Murillo<br \/><b>Comments:<\/b>\u00a0The location of the geologic source has not been determined.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>Source:<\/b>\u00a0San Felipe<br \/><b>Location:<\/b>\u00a0On the east coast near San Felipe<br \/><b>Chemical Characterization:<\/b>\u00a0(Bouey 1984:57; Panich et al. 2012; Panich, Michelini, and Shackley 2013)<br \/><b>Archaeological Occurrences:<\/b>\u00a0Southwestern Alta California, Bah\u00eda de los Angeles, San Quint\u00edn-El Rosario<br \/><b>Other References:<\/b>\u00a0Banks 1971; Panich, Michelini, Bend\u00edmez, and Shackley 2013<br \/><b>Comments:<\/b>\u00a0The location of the geologic source has not been determined.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>Source:<\/b>\u00a0Arroyo Matom\u00ed<br \/><b>Location:<\/b>\u00a0On the Gulf coast south of San Felipe<br \/><b>Chemical Characterization:<\/b>\u00a0Shackley 2004a<br \/><b>Archaeological Occurrences:<\/b>\u00a0Guerrero Negro<br \/><b>Other References:<\/b>\u00a0Bouey 1984:55-56; Douglas 1981<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>Source:<\/b>\u00a0Puerto el Parral<br \/><b>Location:<\/b>\u00a0In the northern Sierra Santa Isabel, south of Arroyo Matom\u00ed<br \/><b>Chemical Characterization:<\/b>\u00a0Moore 2001; Panich, Michelini, and Shackley 2013; Shackley 1998a, 1998b<br \/><b>Archaeological Occurrences:<\/b>\u00a0San Quint\u00edn<br \/><b>Comments:<\/b>\u00a0This is an eroded surface deposit with small nodules averaging 5-7 cm in length. This may be the same source as Arroyo Matom\u00ed.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>Source:<\/b>\u00a0Kiekierly<br \/><b>Location:<\/b>\u00a0On the Gulf coast, about 5 km south of Puertecitos<br \/><b>Chemical Characterization:<\/b>\u00a0Panich, Michelini, and Shackley 2013<br \/><b>Archaeological Occurrences:<\/b>\u00a0Laguna Chapala<br \/><b>Comments:<\/b>\u00a0The location of the geologic source has not been determined.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>Source:<\/b>\u00a0El Regino<br \/><b>Location:<\/b>\u00a0On the Gulf coast about 10 km south of Puertecitos<br \/><b>Chemical Characterization:<\/b>\u00a0Panich, Michelini, and Shackley 2013<br \/><b>Archaeological Occurrences:<\/b>\u00a0In the vicinity of the source<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>Source:<\/b>\u00a0San Luis Gonzaga<br \/><b>Location:<\/b>\u00a0On the east coast near San Luis Gonzaga<br \/><b>Chemical Characterization:<\/b>\u00a0Shackley 1997<br \/><b>Archaeological Occurrences:<\/b>\u00a0Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<br \/><b>Comments:<\/b>\u00a0Initially designated as Unknown D<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>Source:<\/b>\u00a0Isla Angel de la Guarda<br \/><b>Location:<\/b>\u00a0On an island in the central Gulf of California; however, Thomas Bowen questions whether the true source of this chemical type is on Isla Angel de la Guarda<br \/><b>Chemical Characterization:<\/b>\u00a0Shackley 1994<br \/><b>Archaeological Occurrences:<\/b>\u00a0Bah\u00eda de los Angeles, San Borja, Guerrero Negro<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>Source:<\/b>\u00a0Unknown A<br \/><b>Location:<\/b>\u00a0not identified<br \/><b>Chemical Characterization:<\/b>\u00a0(Shackley 1995)<br \/><b>Archaeological Occurrences:<\/b>\u00a0San Borja, Bah\u00eda de los Angeles, Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<br \/><b>Comments:<\/b>\u00a0Nodule and large core at Bah\u00eda de los Angeles suggests that the source may be near there<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>Source:<\/b>\u00a0Unknown C<br \/><b>Location:<\/b>\u00a0not identified<br \/><b>Chemical Characterization:<\/b>\u00a0(Shackley 1994)<br \/><b>Archaeological Occurrences:<\/b>\u00a0Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>Source:<\/b>\u00a0Unknown D<br \/><b>Location:<\/b>\u00a0not identified<br \/><b>Chemical Characterization:<\/b>\u00a0(Shackley 1994)<br \/><b>Archaeological Occurrences:<\/b>\u00a0Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>Source:<\/b>\u00a0Unknown E<br \/><b>Location:<\/b>\u00a0not identified<br \/><b>Chemical Characterization:<\/b>\u00a0(Shackley 1995)<br \/><b>Archaeological Occurrences:<\/b>\u00a0Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>Source:<\/b>\u00a0Ensenada del Pescador<br \/><b>Location:<\/b>\u00a0On the east coast southeast of Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<br \/><b>Chemical Characterization:<\/b>\u00a0Shackley 1995<br \/><b>Archaeological Occurrences:<\/b>\u00a0Possible prehistoric use of obsidian at the source<br \/><b>Comments:<\/b>\u00a0One nodule with a flake scar has been found<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>Source:<\/b>\u00a0Valle de Azufre<br \/><b>Location:<\/b>\u00a0Near the east coast northeast of San Ignacio<br \/><b>Chemical Characterization:<\/b>\u00a0Guti\u00e9rrez and Hyland 2002:316; Hyland 1997:262; Shackley et al. 1996:723;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.swxrflab.net\/VDAZUFRE.HTM\">on line<\/a><br \/><b>Archaeological Occurrences:<\/b>\u00a0Sierra de San Francisco, Vizca\u00edno Desert, Isla Cedros, Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n, Bah\u00eda de los Angeles, San Javier<br \/><b>Comments:<\/b>\u00a0This is the largest and most intensively exploited source known in Baja California.<br \/><b>Other References:<\/b>\u00a0Hyland and Guti\u00e9rrez 1995b; Ritter and Payen 1992:263; Tuohy 1978:80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>Source:<\/b>\u00a0Punta Mangles<br \/><b>Location:<\/b>\u00a0On the east coast north of Loreto<br \/><b>Chemical Characterization:<\/b>\u00a0Bouey 1984:57<br \/><b>Archaeological Occurrences:<\/b>\u00a0Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<br \/><b>Other References:<\/b>\u00a0Ritter 1979a:120; Shackley et al. 1996:727<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>(References in parentheses for chemical characterizations are based on archaeological specimens rather than source samples.)<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-1721\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse1721\" aria-controls=\"collapse1721\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> Chemically Sourced Archaeological Specimens<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse spcollapse\" id=\"collapse1721\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-172\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-1721\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-174 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/gvu.ocl.mybluehost.me\/baja-and-california\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/obs-distrib.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"449\" height=\"575\" \/><\/p><table border=\"2\" width=\"100%\" cellpadding=\"5%\"><tbody><tr valign=\"BOTTOM\"><td align=\"CENTER\"><b>VICINITY<\/b><\/td><td align=\"CENTER\"><b>SITE<\/b><\/td><td align=\"CENTER\"><b>SOURCED SPECIMENS<\/b><\/td><td align=\"CENTER\"><b>REFERENCES<\/b><\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Quint\u00edn<\/td><td>PASE 102<\/td><td>Puerto El Parral: 1<\/td><td>Moore 2001<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Quint\u00edn<\/td><td>PASE 138<\/td><td>Puerto El Parral: 1<\/td><td>Moore 2001<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Quint\u00edn<\/td><td>PASE 151<\/td><td>Puerto El Parral: 9<br \/>Arroyo Matom\u00ed: 1<\/td><td>Moore 2001<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Quint\u00edn<\/td><td>PASE 161<\/td><td>Puerto El Parral: 1<\/td><td>Moore 2001<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Quint\u00edn<\/td><td>PASE 185<\/td><td>Unknown B: 1<\/td><td>Moore 2001<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Quint\u00edn<\/td><td>PASE 186<\/td><td>Puerto El Parral: 3<\/td><td>Moore 2001<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Quint\u00edn<\/td><td>PASE 206<\/td><td>San Felipe: 1<\/td><td>Moore 2001<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Quint\u00edn<\/td><td>PASE 241<\/td><td>Puerto El Parral: 1<\/td><td>Moore 2001<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Quint\u00edn<\/td><td>PASE 249<\/td><td>Puerto El Parral: 3<\/td><td>Moore 2001<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Quint\u00edn<\/td><td>PASE 268<\/td><td>San Felipe: 1<\/td><td>Moore 2001<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Quint\u00edn<\/td><td>PASE 282<\/td><td>San Felipe: 1<\/td><td>Moore 2001<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Borja<\/td><td>Agua de Higuera<\/td><td>Unknown A: 8<\/td><td>Shackley 2004b<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Borja<\/td><td>Valle San Julian<\/td><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda: 1<\/td><td>Shackley 2004b<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Borja<\/td><td>Camino San Borja<\/td><td>Unknown A: 1<\/td><td>Shackley 2004b<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Borja<\/td><td>San Ignacito<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 2<br \/>Isla Angel de la Guarda: 1<br \/>Unknown A: 1<\/td><td>Shackley 2004b<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Borja<\/td><td>Montevideo<\/td><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda: 2<\/td><td>Shackley 1997<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Borja<\/td><td>UCBC-53<\/td><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda: 4<br \/>Unknown A: 1<\/td><td>Shackley 1995<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Borja<\/td><td>UCBC-61<\/td><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda: 5<\/td><td>Shackley 2004a, 2009<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><td>Aguaje de San Juan<\/td><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda: 28<br \/>Unknown A: 19<br \/>San Felipe: 1<\/td><td>Shackley 1994, 1995, 1997<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><td>Las Tinajas<\/td><td>Unknown A: 1<\/td><td>Shackley 1995<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><td>Campo Caguama<\/td><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda: 2<\/td><td>Shackley 1995<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><td>UCBC-7<\/td><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda: 1<\/td><td>Shackley 1994<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><td>UCBC-13<\/td><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda: 4<\/td><td>Shackley 1994, 1997<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><td>UCBC-16<\/td><td>Unknown C: 1<\/td><td>Shackley 1994<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><td>UCBC-18<\/td><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda: 3<\/td><td>Shackley 1994<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><td>UCBC-19<\/td><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda: 5<br \/>Unknown D: 1<\/td><td>Shackley 1994<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><td>UCBC-30<\/td><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda: 4<br \/>Unknown A: 1<\/td><td>Shackley 1995, 1997<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><td>UCBC-45<\/td><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda: 3<\/td><td>Shackley 1995<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><td>UCBC-46<\/td><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda: 3<br \/>Unknown A: 1<\/td><td>Shackley 1995<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><td>UCBC-47<\/td><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda: 3<br \/>Unknown E: 1<\/td><td>Shackley 1995<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-1<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 2<\/td><td>Shackley 1999:311, 2002:209<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-2<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 6; unknown: 1<\/td><td>Shackley 1999:311, 2002:209<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-4<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 3<\/td><td>Shackley 2002:209<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-5<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 3; unknown: 1<\/td><td>Shackley 2002:209<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-6<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 4; unknown: 1<\/td><td>Shackley 2002:209<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-7<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 3<\/td><td>Shackley 2002:209<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-8<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 1; unknown: 1<\/td><td>Shackley 2004a, 2009<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-9<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 1; Isla Angel de la Guarda: 1<\/td><td>Shackley 2004a, 2009<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-10<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 3<\/td><td>Shackley 2004a, 2009<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-11<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 2<\/td><td>Shackley 2004a, 2009<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-12<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 2<\/td><td>Shackley 2004a, 2009<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-13<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 1<\/td><td>Shackley 2004a, 2009<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-15<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 1<\/td><td>Shackley 2004a, 2009<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-18<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 3; Puerto El Parral: 1<\/td><td>Shackley 2004a, 2009<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-1<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 3<\/td><td>Shackley 1999:311, 2002:209<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-3<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 1; unknown: 1<\/td><td>Shackley 2002:209<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-4<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 1<\/td><td>Shackley 1999:311<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-14<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 1<\/td><td>Shackley 1999:311<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-18<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 2<\/td><td>Shackley 2002:209<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-19<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 1<\/td><td>Shackley 1999:311<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-20<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 1<\/td><td>Shackley 1999:311<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-22<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 1<\/td><td>Shackley 1999:311<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-26<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 1<\/td><td>Shackley 1999:311<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-28<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 1<\/td><td>Shackley 1999:311<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-31<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 1<\/td><td>Shackley 2002:209<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>Laguna Ojo de Liebre<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 5<\/td><td>Ritter and Payen 1992:263<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>--<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 4<\/td><td>Shackley 1999:311<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Ignacio<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre quarry<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 1<\/td><td>Hyland 1997:450-451<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Ignacio<\/td><td>Vizca\u00edno sites<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 33<br \/>Unknown A: 1<\/td><td>Hyland 1997:450-451<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Ignacio<\/td><td>Cueva Pintada<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 11<\/td><td>Hyland 1997:451<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Ignacio<\/td><td>Cuesta Blanca<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 2<\/td><td>Hyland 1997:451<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Ignacio<\/td><td>Cueva Soledad<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 4<\/td><td>Hyland 1997:451<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Ignacio<\/td><td>Los Corralitos<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 80<br \/>Unknown A: 1<\/td><td>Hyland 1997:451-454<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Ignacio<\/td><td>Costa sites<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 85<\/td><td>Hyland 1997:454-456<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Ignacio<\/td><td>Bah\u00eda Asunci\u00f3n<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 10<\/td><td>Hyland 1997:456-457<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Ignacio<\/td><td>Rancho El Batequi<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 1<\/td><td>Guti\u00e9rrez and Hyland 1994a; Hyland and Guti\u00e9rrez 1995<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Ignacio<\/td><td>miscellaneous<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 24<\/td><td>Hyland 1997:457<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td align=\"CENTER\">--<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 20<br \/>Punta Mangles: 2<br \/>Unknown A: 1<\/td><td>Shackley et al. 1996:727<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Javier<\/td><td align=\"CENTER\">--<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre: 1<\/td><td>Carmean 1994b:72<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>&nbsp;<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-1722\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse1722\" aria-controls=\"collapse1722\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> Hydration Readings on Archaeological Specimens<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse spcollapse\" id=\"collapse1722\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-172\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-1722\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-175 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/gvu.ocl.mybluehost.me\/baja-and-california\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/obs-hyd.gif\" alt=\"Obsidian hydration\" width=\"530\" height=\"297\" \/><\/p><table border=\"2\" width=\"100%\" cellpadding=\"5%\"><tbody><tr valign=\"BOTTOM\"><td align=\"CENTER\"><b>VICINITY<\/b><\/td><td align=\"CENTER\"><b>SITE<\/b><\/td><td align=\"CENTER\"><b>SOURCE<\/b><\/td><td align=\"CENTER\"><b>HYDRATION (microns)<\/b><\/td><td align=\"CENTER\"><b>REFERENCES<\/b><\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>El Rosario<\/td><td>Las Pintas<\/td><td align=\"CENTER\">--<\/td><td>4.7<\/td><td>Meighan 1978:10<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Fernando<\/td><td>Velicat\u00e1<\/td><td align=\"CENTER\">--<\/td><td>3.0<\/td><td>Meighan 1978:10<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Borja<\/td><td>Agua de Higuera<\/td><td>Unknown A<\/td><td>3.8, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.1, 7.9<\/td><td align=\"CENTER\">--<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Borja<\/td><td>Agua de Higuera<\/td><td align=\"CENTER\">--<\/td><td>3.9, 4.0, (4.0 + 5.6), (4.1 + 5.1 + 8.7), (4.1 + 6.0), 4.2, 4.2, (4.3 + 5.6), 4.6, 4.7, 4.9, (4.9 + 7.2), 5.0, 5.0, 5.3, 6.2, 7.3<\/td><td align=\"CENTER\">--<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Borja<\/td><td>Valle San Julian<\/td><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda<\/td><td>3.5<\/td><td align=\"CENTER\">--<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Borja<\/td><td>Valle San Julian<\/td><td align=\"CENTER\">--<\/td><td>3.0, 3.5<\/td><td align=\"CENTER\">--<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Borja<\/td><td>Montevideo<\/td><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda<\/td><td>1.1<\/td><td>Ritter 1997<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Borja<\/td><td>UCBC-53<\/td><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda<\/td><td>4.2, 5.9, 8.9<\/td><td>Ritter 1995b, etc.<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Borja<\/td><td>UCBC-53<\/td><td>Unknown A<\/td><td>4.6, 6.2<\/td><td>Ritter 1995b, etc.<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Borja<\/td><td>UCBC-53<\/td><td>Valle Azufre<\/td><td>3.5, 4.0<\/td><td align=\"CENTER\">--<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Borja<\/td><td>UCBC-53<\/td><td align=\"CENTER\">--<\/td><td>3.0, (4.1 + 5.0), 6.6<\/td><td align=\"CENTER\">--<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Borja<\/td><td>UCBC-61<\/td><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda<\/td><td>3.8, 3.9<\/td><td>Carpenter 2009<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Borja<\/td><td>Camino San Borja<\/td><td>Unknown A<\/td><td>5.0<\/td><td align=\"CENTER\">--<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><td>Aguaje de San Juan<\/td><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda<\/td><td>5.3<\/td><td>Ritter 1994b<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><td>Aguaje de San Juan<\/td><td>Unknown A<\/td><td>2.4, 3.8, 5.4, 5.8, 6.0, 7.2, 8.8<\/td><td>Ritter 1995b, 1997<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><td>Las Tinajas<\/td><td>Unknown A<\/td><td>7.7<\/td><td>Ritter 1995b<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><td>Ensenada El Pescador<\/td><td>Ensenada El Pescador<\/td><td>13.3<\/td><td>Ritter 1995b<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><td>UCBC-7<\/td><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda<\/td><td>1.6<\/td><td>Ritter 1994b<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><td>UCBC-13<\/td><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda<\/td><td>2.3, 4.6<\/td><td>Ritter 1994b, 1997<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><td>UCBC-16<\/td><td>Unknown C<\/td><td>1.5<\/td><td>Ritter 1994b<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><td>UCBC-18<\/td><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda<\/td><td>2.7, 2.8<\/td><td>Ritter 1994b<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><td>UCBC-19<\/td><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda<\/td><td>2.7, 3.5, 3.6, 5.7<\/td><td>Ritter 1994b<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><td>UCBC-19<\/td><td>Unknown D<\/td><td>2.0<\/td><td>Ritter 1994b<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><td>UCBC-30<\/td><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda<\/td><td>1.5, 3.9, 4.1, 4.2<\/td><td>Ritter 1995b, 1997<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><td>UCBC-45<\/td><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda<\/td><td>4.0, 5.0<\/td><td>Ritter 1995b<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><td>UCBC-46<\/td><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda<\/td><td>4.2, 5.6<\/td><td>Ritter 1995b<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><td>UCBC-46<\/td><td>Unknown A<\/td><td>(2.6 + 3.3)<\/td><td>Ritter 1995b<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda de los Angeles<\/td><td>UCBC-47<\/td><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda<\/td><td>3.7, 4.4, 5.5<\/td><td>Ritter 1995b<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda<\/td><td>Arroyo los Mochos<\/td><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda<\/td><td>6.0<\/td><td>Ritter 1994b<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-1<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre<\/td><td>3.0<\/td><td>King 1999:314<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-1<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>2.6, 3.1<\/td><td>King 1999:314<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-2<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre<\/td><td>2.4, 3.4, 4.1, 5.3, 6.0<\/td><td>Carpenter 2002:214; King 1999:315<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-2<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>(1.4 + 2.8), 2.5, 3.1<\/td><td>King 1999:314-315<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-2<\/td><td>unknown<\/td><td>3.1<\/td><td>Carpenter 2002:214<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-4<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre<\/td><td>2.1, (2.2 + 2.7), 2.9<\/td><td>Carpenter 2002:214<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-5<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre<\/td><td>2.7, 2.8, 4.1<\/td><td>Carpenter 2002:214<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-5<\/td><td>unknown<\/td><td>4.0<\/td><td>Carpenter 2002:214<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-6<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre<\/td><td>1.9, 2.7, 3.2, (5.4 + 6.0)<\/td><td>Carpenter 2002:214<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-6<\/td><td>unknown<\/td><td>2.1<\/td><td>Carpenter 2002:214<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-7<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre<\/td><td>2.5<\/td><td>Carpenter 2002:214<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-8<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre<\/td><td>2.9<\/td><td>Carpenter 2009<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-8<\/td><td>Unknown<\/td><td>3.4<\/td><td>Carpenter 2009<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-9<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre<\/td><td>3.9<\/td><td>Carpenter 2009<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-9<\/td><td>Isla Angel de la Guarda<\/td><td>3.9<\/td><td>Carpenter 2009<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-10<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre<\/td><td>3.5, 3.9<\/td><td>Carpenter 2009<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-11<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre<\/td><td>3.2, 3.3<\/td><td>Carpenter 2009<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-12<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre<\/td><td>(2.6 + 3.7 + 4.9), (3.5 + 5.4)<\/td><td>Carpenter 2009<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-13<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre<\/td><td>2.8<\/td><td>Carpenter 2009<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-15<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre<\/td><td>4.0<\/td><td>Carpenter 2009<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-18<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre<\/td><td>3.1, 4.0<\/td><td>Carpenter 2009<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LM-18<\/td><td>Arroyo Matom\u00ed<\/td><td>4.0<\/td><td>Carpenter 2009<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-1<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre<\/td><td>1.2, 1.8, 2.2, 2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 4.2<\/td><td>Carpenter 2002:214; King 1999:315; Ritter 1999:213<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-1<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>0.0, 2.0, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.7, 3.6<\/td><td>King 1999:314<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-2<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre<\/td><td>2.6<\/td><td>Ritter 1999:213<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-3<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre<\/td><td>1.1, 2.6<\/td><td>Carpenter 2002:214; Ritter 1999:213<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-3<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>2.3, 2.6<\/td><td>King 1999:314<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-3<\/td><td>unknown<\/td><td>3.8<\/td><td>Carpenter 2002:214<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-4<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre<\/td><td>2.7, 2.7<\/td><td>King 1999:315; Ritter 1999:213<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-4<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>2.7, 2.7<\/td><td>King 1999:213<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-9<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>2.1<\/td><td>King 1999:314<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-10<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>2.7<\/td><td>King 1999:314<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-13<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre<\/td><td>2.5<\/td><td>Ritter 1999:213<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-14<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre<\/td><td>4.0<\/td><td>King 1999:314<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-17<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>2.6<\/td><td>King 1999:314<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-18<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre<\/td><td>1.8, 2.4<\/td><td>Carpenter 2002:214<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-18<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>(2.6 + 4.2)<\/td><td>King 1999:314<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-19<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre<\/td><td>2.8<\/td><td>King 1999:315<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-20<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre<\/td><td>2.5<\/td><td>King 1999:315<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-20<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>1.6, 2.1<\/td><td>King 1999:314-315<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-22<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre<\/td><td>3.1<\/td><td>King 1999:315<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-22<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>0.0, 2.2<\/td><td>King 1999:314<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-24<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>2.6<\/td><td>King 1999:314<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-26<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre<\/td><td>2.9<\/td><td>King 1999:315<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-26<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>1.7, (1.7 + 2.7)<\/td><td>King 1999:314<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-29<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>1.9, 2.4<\/td><td>King 1999:314<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>LGN-30<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>1.5<\/td><td>King 1999:314<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>--<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre<\/td><td>2.6, 2.9, 3.4, (3.7 + 4.8)<\/td><td>King 1999:314-315<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>--<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>0.0, 1.4, 2.9<\/td><td>King 1999:314-315<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Ignacio<\/td><td>Costa sites<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>(2.0 + 3.0), 3.6<\/td><td>Guti\u00e9rrez and Hyland 2002:324; Hyland 1997:272<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Ignacio<\/td><td>Los Corralitos<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>2.1, 2.2, 2.8, 4.0<\/td><td>Guti\u00e9rrez and Hyland 2002:324; Hyland 1997:272<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Ignacio<\/td><td>Cuesta Blanca 27<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>0.0, 3.2<\/td><td>Guti\u00e9rrez and Hyland 2002:324; Hyland 1997:272<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Ignacio<\/td><td>Misc. sites<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>3.1, 4.1<\/td><td>Guti\u00e9rrez and Hyland 2002:324; Hyland 1997:272<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Ignacio<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre quarry<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>3.8, 3.8, 3.9, (4.0 + 4.8), 4.2, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, (4.9 + 6.7), 5.2, (5.4 + 6.4), 5.7, 6.0, 6.1, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.5, (6.7 + 8.2), 6.9, (7.0 + 7.5), 7.2, 7.5, 7.6, (7.6 + 8.9), 7.7, 8.7, 9.1, 12.3<\/td><td>Guti\u00e9rrez and Hyland 2002:325; Hyland 1997:273<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Ignacio<\/td><td>Los Pozos<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>2.5, 2.6, 2.9, 3.9<\/td><td>Meighan 1978:10<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>San Ignacio<\/td><td>Tinaja de Refugio<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>2.1, 2.4, 2.6, 3.0, 3.1, 3.3, 3.4, 4.0<\/td><td>Meighan 1978:10<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>La Pur\u00edsima<\/td><td>Rincon Grande<\/td><td align=\"CENTER\">--<\/td><td>2.8<\/td><td>Meighan 1978:10<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>BS-D11<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:121<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>BS-D15<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>1.4<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:121<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>BS-D37<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>5.3<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:121<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>BS-D49<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>1.5<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:121<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>BS-D50<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>2.2, 2.3, 3.8<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:121<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>BS-D54<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>2.6,3.8, 4.3, 5.8<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:121<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>BS-D58<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>2.9, 4.1<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:121<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>BS-D59<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 2.3, 2.4, 3.0, 6.1<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:121<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>BS-D60<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>0.0, 0.1, 1.1, 1.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.1, 7.7<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:121<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>BS-D61<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>1.6, 3.0, 3.2<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:121<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>BS-D68<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>3.4<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:121<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>BS-D81<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>1.5, 2.9, 3.8<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:121<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>BS-D89<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>1.3, 2.9, 4.0<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:121<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>BS-D95<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>1.1, 1.5, 1.9, 2.8, 3.0, 3.8<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:121<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>BS-D100<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>1.4, 1.9, 10.1<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:121<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>BS-D106<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>2.6<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:121<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>BS-D125<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>1.1, 2.6, 3.9, (7.7)<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:121<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>BS-D126<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.5, 3.6, 3.8, (6.9), 10.1<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:121<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>BS-D128<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>0.4<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:121<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>BS-D134<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>1.0, 2.6<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:121<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>BS-D140<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>0.8, 1.6<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:121<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>BS-D152<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>2.2, 2.4, 2.7, 5.8<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:121<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>Transect I<\/td><td>Valle de Azufre?<\/td><td>3.8<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:121<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>(Notes: \"?\" after a source indicates an unconfirmed but probable source, based on the site's location or other sourced specimens from the vicinity. Hydration readings in parentheses indicate multiple-band specimens. The Ritter 1979a data are based on his Table 13; there are some discrepancies with his text.)<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-1723\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse1723\" aria-controls=\"collapse1723\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> Hydration Readings on Typed Projectile Points<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse spcollapse\" id=\"collapse1723\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-172\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-1723\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><table border=\"2\" width=\"100%\" cellpadding=\"5%\"><tbody><tr align=\"CENTER\" valign=\"BOTTOM\"><td><b>TYPE<\/b><\/td><td><b>VICINITY<\/b><\/td><td><b>HYDRATION (microns)<\/b><\/td><td><b>REFERENCES<\/b><\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Comond\u00fa Triangular<\/td><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>7 readings from 0.0 to 1.8; 2.8 (apparently reworked)<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:180<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Comond\u00fa Serrated<\/td><td>San Ignacio<\/td><td>2.9, 3.9, 4.0<\/td><td>Meighan 1978:10, 16-17<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Comond\u00fa Serrated<\/td><td>San Ignacio<\/td><td>(2.0 + 3.0), 3.6<\/td><td>Guti\u00e9rrez and Hyland 2002:324; Hyland 1997:272<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Comond\u00fa Serrated<\/td><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>3 readings from 0.8 to 2.1<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:180<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Comond\u00fa Series<\/td><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>0.0, 2.3, 2.6<\/td><td>King 1999:314-315<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guerrero Negro Series<\/td><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>1.1, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.1, 2.5, 2.5, 2.6, 2.6, 2.6, 2.7, 2.7, 3.0, 3.1, 4.0<\/td><td>Carpenter 2002:214; King 1999:314-315; Ritter 1999:213<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Humboldt Concave Base<\/td><td>San Ignacio<\/td><td>2.5<\/td><td>Meighan 1978:10, 17<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guajadem\u00ed Split Stem<\/td><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>2.9<\/td><td>King 1999:315<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Guajadem\u00ed Split Stem<\/td><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>1.8<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:181<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Elko<\/td><td>Guerrero Negro<\/td><td>3.4<\/td><td>King 1999:314<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Elko<\/td><td>San Ignacio<\/td><td>4.0<\/td><td>Guti\u00e9rrez and Hyland 2002:324; Hyland 1997:272<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Elko Corner Notch-like<\/td><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>2.5<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:189<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>La Paz-Gypsum Cave<\/td><td>San Ignacio<\/td><td>2.6<\/td><td>Meighan 1978:10, 17<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>La Paz-Gypsum Cave<\/td><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>1.1, 2.6, 2.8, 3.5<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:194<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Zacatecas Broad Blade<\/td><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>1.9 (reworked)<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:198-201<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Pinto Series<\/td><td>Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n<\/td><td>5.8<\/td><td>Ritter 1979a:201<\/td><\/tr><tr valign=\"TOP\"><td>Lanceolate<\/td><td>San Ignacio<\/td><td>2.1, 2.2<\/td><td>Guti\u00e9rrez and Hyland 2002:324; Hyland 1997:272<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>(Notes: Readings in parentheses indicate multiple-band specimens. Hydration measurements on older surfaces of reworked projectile points may give misleadingly old ages for newer point types. Damaged or resharpened surfaces on older point forms may give misleadingly young ages.)<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-1724\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse1724\" aria-controls=\"collapse1724\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> Proposed Hydration Rates<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse spcollapse\" id=\"collapse1724\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-172\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-1724\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-177 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/gvu.ocl.mybluehost.me\/baja-and-california\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/obs-rates.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"530\" height=\"334\" \/><\/p><p>(\"Y\" = calendar years before the time of measurement; \"H\" = hydration reading, in microns)<\/p><table border=\"2\" width=\"100%\" cellpadding=\"5%\"><tbody><tr><td><b>Rate:<\/b>\u00a0Y = 280 H<br \/><b>Application:<\/b>\u00a0Baja California<br \/><b>Basis:<\/b>\u00a0\"Obsidian from the West Coast of Mexico has a widespread rate of 280 years per micron, and at least some Southern California obsidians also appear close to that rate.\"<br \/><b>Editor's Comment:<\/b>\u00a0This formula may give ages that are substantially too late for early specimens.<br \/><b>Reference:<\/b>\u00a0Meighan 1978:9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>Rate:<\/b>\u00a0Y = 300 H or Y = 500 H<br \/><b>Application:<\/b>\u00a0Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n (probably primarily Valle de Azufre obsidian)<br \/><b>Basis:<\/b>\u00a0\"Principally on the basis of cross-dated artifact types with small hydration bands (i.e. small side-notched and triangular points)...a very rough approximation.\"<br \/><b>Editor's Comment:<\/b>\u00a0This formula may give ages that are too late for early specimens.<br \/><b>Reference:<\/b>\u00a0Ritter 1979a:120<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>Rate:<\/b>\u00a0Y = 322 H<sup>\u00a01.5<\/sup><br \/><b>Application:<\/b>\u00a0Bah\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n (probably primarily Valle de Azufre obsidian)<br \/><b>Basis:<\/b>\u00a0\"A compromise, purely empirical formula\" based on the historic-period dropoff of obsidian use, early Holocene dating of the largest hydration measurements, and readings on chronologically diagnostic point types.<br \/><b>Editor's Comment:<\/b>\u00a0In the original, the formula is incorrectly written as Y = 322 H<sup>2\/3<\/sup>.<br \/><b>Reference:<\/b>\u00a0Laylander 1987:435-436<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>(Hydration rates are likely to differ for obsidian coming from different geological sources, for specimens recovered from archaeological sites with different annual temperature regimes, and for specimens recovered from surface or subsurface contexts.)<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-169","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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