{"id":519,"date":"2024-08-03T00:50:03","date_gmt":"2024-08-03T00:50:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gvu.ocl.mybluehost.me\/baja-and-california\/?page_id=519"},"modified":"2024-09-15T12:44:33","modified_gmt":"2024-09-15T12:44:33","slug":"open-water-fish","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sandiegoarchaeology.org\/baja-and-california\/open-water-fish\/","title":{"rendered":"Open Water Fish"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Early historic references to fishing by the aboriginal peoples of coastal southern California are fairly numerous, but they generally contain little information about the specific technolo\u00adgies that were used or the areas in which the fishing was done. It is well established that at least some of these people had seagoing canoes that were capable of making regular trips between the mainland and the Channel Islands. In addition to the fish that could be exploited from the shoreline, in bays and lagoons, from nearshore areas, and in kelp beds, open-water pelagic fish, such as albacore (<i>Thunnus alalunga<\/i>), yellowfin tuna (<i>Thunnus albacares<\/i>), bluefin tuna (<i>Thunnus thynnus<\/i>), skipjack tuna (<i>Katsuwonus pelamis<\/i>), black skipjack (<i>Euthynnus lineatus<\/i>), and swordfish (<i>Xiphias gladius<\/i>), constitut\u00aded a potentially rich seasonal food resource. Whether this resource was regularly exploited prehistorically, and if so, under what circum\u00adstances, is uncertain.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Robert F. Heizer and Albert B. Elsasser (1980:63) suggested that the Chumash peoples of the Santa Barbara Channel area caught various tunas &#8220;in large quantities&#8221; but that ocean fishing from boats by other coastal California peoples was very minimal or nonexistent.<\/li>\n<li>Joseph L. Chartkoff and Kerry Kona Chartkoff (1984:154) noted that Archaic peoples in California &#8220;apparently did not practice deep-water fishing.&#8221; However, later peoples devel\u00adoped the necessary technology and expertise and were &#8220;am\u00adply reward\u00aded&#8221; from the &#8220;huge schools of bonito, albacore, skipjack, yel\u00adlowfin, Jack macker\u00adel, and bluefin.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Roy Salls (1988) reviewed the ethno\u00adhis\u00adtorical and archaeological evidence for open-water fishing in southern Califor\u00adnia and found it to be extremely limited. He suggested that sea condi\u00adtions did not favor open-water fishing with the watercraft that were in use and that it would have been difficult to land large fish with the avail\u00adable fishing gear. The few open-water fish that were taken may have been procured from locations where the heads of submarine canyons brought deep-water con\u00additions close to the shore.<\/li>\n<li>Anna C. Noah (1998) reviewed evidence for fishing practices in the San Diego area, based primarily on the archaeological gray literature. Although not abundant, the remains of open-ocean fish species seem to be commonly present in archaeological collections from coastal San Diego County sites. Both Archaic and Late Prehistoric deposits are represented.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" frame=\"ALL\" rules=\"NONE\">\n<tbody>\n<tr valign=\"BOTTOM\">\n<td align=\"CENTER\"><b>Site<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Primary Period<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Open-Water Species<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\"><b>Other Species<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\"><b>NISP<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\"><b>References<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td>SDI-197<\/td>\n<td>Archaic<\/td>\n<td><i>Thunnus alalunga<\/i><\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">14<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">90<\/td>\n<td>Christenson 1987a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td>SDI-811<\/td>\n<td>Late<\/td>\n<td><i>Thunnus<\/i>\u00a0sp.<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">20<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">305<\/td>\n<td>Hudson 1996<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td>SDI-1103<\/td>\n<td>Archaic<\/td>\n<td><i>Thunnus alalunga<\/i><\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">10<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">22<\/td>\n<td>Laylander 1986; Salls 1988<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td>SDI-4513<\/td>\n<td>Late<\/td>\n<td><i>Euthynnus lineatus<\/i>,\u00a0<i>Thunnus alalunga<\/i><\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">18<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">149<\/td>\n<td>Christenson 1986<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td>SDI-4513<\/td>\n<td>Late<\/td>\n<td><i>Thunnus<\/i>\u00a0sp.<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">1<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>Christ\u00adenson 1987b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td>SDI-4513<\/td>\n<td>Late<\/td>\n<td><i>Katsuwonus pelamis<\/i><\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">5<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">67<\/td>\n<td>Christenson 1989<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td>SDI-4538<\/td>\n<td>Late<\/td>\n<td><i>Katsuwonus pelamis<\/i>,\u00a0<i>Thunnus<\/i>\u00a0sp.<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">17<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">519<\/td>\n<td>Christenson 1989<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td>SDI-4609<\/td>\n<td>Late<\/td>\n<td><i>Katsuwonus pelamis<\/i>,\u00a0<i>Thunnus alalunga<\/i><\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">16<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">631<\/td>\n<td>Roeder 1983<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td>SDI-4609<\/td>\n<td>Late<\/td>\n<td><i>Euthynnus<\/i>\u00a0sp.<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">5<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>Hector 1985<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td>SDI-5017<\/td>\n<td>Late<\/td>\n<td><i>Katsuwonus pelamis<\/i><\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">25<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">220<\/td>\n<td>Roeder 1987<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td>SDI-6153<\/td>\n<td>Archaic<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">4<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">15+<\/td>\n<td>Christenson 1981<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td>SDI-10246<\/td>\n<td>Archaic<\/td>\n<td><i>Thunnus alalunga<\/i><\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">7<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">18<\/td>\n<td>Chace and Bleitz 1989<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td>SDI-10726<\/td>\n<td>Late<\/td>\n<td><i>Katsuwonus pelamis<\/i><\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">29<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">603<\/td>\n<td>Hudson 1996<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td>SDI-10965<\/td>\n<td>Archaic<\/td>\n<td><i>Katsuwonus pelamis<\/i><\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">10<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>Gallegos and Carrico 1984; Noah 1998<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td>SDI-13325<\/td>\n<td>Archaic<\/td>\n<td><i>Thunnus sp.<\/i><\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">10<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">104<\/td>\n<td>Byrd et al. 1995<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td>SDI-15254<\/td>\n<td>Late<\/td>\n<td><i>Katsuwonus pelamis<\/i>,\u00a0<i>Thunnus<\/i>\u00a0sp.<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">26<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">784<\/td>\n<td>Wake 2003<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td>SDM-W-143<\/td>\n<td>Late<\/td>\n<td><i>Euthynnus<\/i>\u00a0sp.<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">38<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">500\u00b1<\/td>\n<td>Roeder 1985<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td>SDM-W-223A<\/td>\n<td>Late<\/td>\n<td><i>Katsuwonus pelamis<\/i>,\u00a0<i>Thunnus<\/i>\u00a0sp.<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">15<\/td>\n<td align=\"CENTER\">206<\/td>\n<td>Quintero 1987<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><b>PROSPECTS<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Future archaeological investigations may deterine whether the remains of open-water fish occur more frequently in Archaic or Late Prehistoric deposits, whether they are found more frequently in locations close to submarine canyons, and whether archaeological specimens tend to represent small individuals.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Early historic references to fishing by the aboriginal peoples of coastal southern California are fairly numerous, but they generally contain little information about the specific technolo\u00adgies that were used or the areas in which the fishing was done. It is well established that at least some of these people had seagoing canoes that were capable of making regular trips between the mainland and the Channel Islands. In addition to the fish that could be exploited from the shoreline, in bays and lagoons, from nearshore areas, and in kelp beds, open-water pelagic fish, such as albacore (Thunnus alalunga), yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus), skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), black skipjack (Euthynnus lineatus), and swordfish (Xiphias gladius), constitut\u00aded a potentially rich seasonal food resource. Whether this resource was regularly exploited prehistorically, and if so, under what circum\u00adstances, is uncertain. Robert F. Heizer and Albert B. Elsasser (1980:63) suggested that the Chumash peoples of the Santa Barbara Channel area caught various tunas &#8220;in large quantities&#8221; but that ocean fishing from boats by other coastal California peoples was very minimal or nonexistent. Joseph L. Chartkoff and Kerry Kona Chartkoff (1984:154) noted that Archaic peoples in California &#8220;apparently did not practice deep-water fishing.&#8221; However, later peoples devel\u00adoped the necessary technology and expertise and were &#8220;am\u00adply reward\u00aded&#8221; from the &#8220;huge schools of bonito, albacore, skipjack, yel\u00adlowfin, Jack macker\u00adel, and bluefin.&#8221; Roy Salls (1988) reviewed the ethno\u00adhis\u00adtorical and archaeological evidence for open-water fishing in southern Califor\u00adnia and found it to be extremely limited. He suggested that sea condi\u00adtions did not favor open-water fishing with the watercraft that were in use and that it would have been difficult to land large fish with the avail\u00adable fishing gear. The few open-water fish that were taken may have been procured from locations where the heads of submarine canyons brought deep-water con\u00additions close to the shore. Anna C. Noah (1998) reviewed evidence for fishing practices in the San Diego area, based primarily on the archaeological gray literature. Although not abundant, the remains of open-ocean fish species seem to be commonly present in archaeological collections from coastal San Diego County sites. Both Archaic and Late Prehistoric deposits are represented. Site Primary Period Open-Water Species Other Species NISP References SDI-197 Archaic Thunnus alalunga 14 90 Christenson 1987a SDI-811 Late Thunnus\u00a0sp. 20 305 Hudson 1996 SDI-1103 Archaic Thunnus alalunga 10 22 Laylander 1986; Salls 1988 SDI-4513 Late Euthynnus lineatus,\u00a0Thunnus alalunga 18 149 Christenson 1986 SDI-4513 Late Thunnus\u00a0sp. 1 &#8212; Christ\u00adenson 1987b SDI-4513 Late Katsuwonus pelamis 5 67 Christenson 1989 SDI-4538 Late Katsuwonus pelamis,\u00a0Thunnus\u00a0sp. 17 519 Christenson 1989 SDI-4609 Late Katsuwonus pelamis,\u00a0Thunnus alalunga 16 631 Roeder 1983 SDI-4609 Late Euthynnus\u00a0sp. 5 &#8212; Hector 1985 SDI-5017 Late Katsuwonus pelamis 25 220 Roeder 1987 SDI-6153 Archaic &#8212; 4 15+ Christenson 1981 SDI-10246 Archaic Thunnus alalunga 7 18 Chace and Bleitz 1989 SDI-10726 Late Katsuwonus pelamis 29 603 Hudson 1996 SDI-10965 Archaic Katsuwonus pelamis 10 &#8212; Gallegos and Carrico 1984; Noah 1998 SDI-13325 Archaic Thunnus sp. 10 104 Byrd et al. 1995 SDI-15254 Late Katsuwonus pelamis,\u00a0Thunnus\u00a0sp. 26 784 Wake 2003 SDM-W-143 Late Euthynnus\u00a0sp. 38 500\u00b1 Roeder 1985 SDM-W-223A Late Katsuwonus pelamis,\u00a0Thunnus\u00a0sp. 15 206 Quintero 1987 PROSPECTS Future archaeological investigations may deterine whether the remains of open-water fish occur more frequently in Archaic or Late Prehistoric deposits, whether they are found more frequently in locations close to submarine canyons, and whether archaeological specimens tend to represent small individuals.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-519","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Open Water Fish - Baja California and Southern California<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Seagoing canoes made regular trips between the mainland and the Channel Islands.; 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