The shaft straightener was used to gently bend prepared and heated wooden sticks to create an arrow shaft that would fly true. It is a flattened round stone with a groove pecked in the flat surface. To create that groove,…

Bow and arrow technology were introduced to the region during the Late Holocene. During this period, the people of the Late Prehistoric Tradition hunted small game with the bow and arrow. Almost all archaeological theories about San Diego’s early history…

Throughout history, humans have adorned themselves. These beads came from archaeological sites all over San Diego. The shell beads are made of olivella, abalone, clam, scallop, and dentalia. The grooved stone bead is made of steatite. During the Late Prehistoric…

The people of the Late Prehistoric Tradition used bone awls to make holes in leather for clothing and in basketmaking. They made most bone awls from the delicate leg bones of deer sharpened to a point. Technologically, the people of…

Stone bowl mortars were the perfect tool for processing acorns, which had to be pounded into a meal and rinsed to remove bitter tannin. Mortars were also carved into bedrock near oak trees. Bowl mortars were more portable and could…

Grinding tools of granitic stone were common for the Late Prehistoric Tradition. Local inhabitants used them to grind clay in preparation for pottery, acorns, and other foodstuffs. About 3,500 years ago, the region experienced a long period of widespread drought,…